https://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&feed=atom&action=historyCleaning and Polishing Voltammetric Electrodes - Revision history2024-03-29T09:53:08ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.25.1https://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=4324&oldid=prevOliver: /* ET069 and ET072 Leakless Reference Electrodes */2017-04-28T03:40:27Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">ET069 and ET072 Leakless Reference Electrodes</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:40, 28 April 2017</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of subsequent surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of subsequent surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product_details_page.php?product_no=</del>ET069 ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product_details_page.php?product_no=</del>ET072 ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/ET069<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-1 </ins>ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/ET072<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-1 </ins>ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use in which case it can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use in which case it can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td></tr>
</table>Oliverhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=4323&oldid=prevOliver: Reverted edits by Oliver (talk) to last revision by PaulDuckworth2017-04-28T03:39:38Z<p>Reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Oliver" title="Special:Contributions/Oliver">Oliver</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Oliver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Oliver (page does not exist)">talk</a>) to last revision by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:PaulDuckworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:PaulDuckworth (page does not exist)">PaulDuckworth</a></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:39, 28 April 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L46" >Line 46:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of subsequent surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of subsequent surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/ET069<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-1</del>] and [http://www.edaq.com/ET072<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-1</del>] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product_details_page.php?product_no=ET069 </ins>ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product_details_page.php?product_no=ET072 </ins>ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use in which case it can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use in which case it can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td></tr>
</table>Oliverhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=4322&oldid=prevOliver: /* ET069 and ET072 Leakless Reference Electrodes */2017-04-28T03:38:56Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">ET069 and ET072 Leakless Reference Electrodes</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:38, 28 April 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L46" >Line 46:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of subsequent surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of subsequent surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product_details_page.php?product_no=ET069 </del>ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product_details_page.php?product_no=ET072 </del>ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/ET069<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-1</ins>] and [http://www.edaq.com/ET072<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-1</ins>] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use in which case it can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use in which case it can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td></tr>
</table>Oliverhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3679&oldid=prevPaulDuckworth: /* Materials */2015-06-01T01:38:38Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Materials</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:38, 1 June 2015</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Materials ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Materials ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Use a suitable polishing kit such as product number [http://www.edaq.com/ET030 ET030] from eDAQ.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Use a suitable polishing kit such as product number [http://www.edaq.com/ET030 ET030] from eDAQ<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, that uses abrasive alumina polishing powders</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Local lapidary supply companies may have equivalent products. Diamond, silica, or silicon carbide powders of similar particle size can also be used. A polishing pad that has a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) backing can be affixed to a glass plate to ensure a flat polishing surface.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Local lapidary supply companies may have equivalent products. Diamond, silica, or silicon carbide powders of similar particle size can also be used. A polishing pad that has a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) backing can be affixed to a glass plate to ensure a flat polishing surface.</div></td></tr>
</table>PaulDuckworthhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3678&oldid=prevPaulDuckworth: /* General Procedure */2015-06-01T01:35:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">General Procedure</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:35, 1 June 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L12" >Line 12:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== General Procedure ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== General Procedure ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These procedures are recommended for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">eDAQ </del>[http://www.edaq.com/Disk%20Electrodes voltammetric disk electrodes<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These procedures are recommended for [http://www.edaq.com/Disk%20Electrodes <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">eDAQ] or other </ins>voltammetric disk electrodes<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Resist the temptation to over-polish the electrodes. In most cases the electrode remains clean after the experiment, or could be washed clean with suitable organic solvent to remove greasy organic materials, or dilute acid or base (0.1 mol/L HCl, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH) to  remove inorganics. Protein deposits can be hydrolysed with an appropriate commercial enzyme-based cleaner.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Resist the temptation to over-polish the electrodes. In most cases the electrode remains clean after the experiment, or could be washed clean with suitable organic solvent to remove greasy organic materials, or dilute acid or base (0.1 mol/L HCl, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH) to  remove inorganics. Protein deposits can be hydrolysed with an appropriate commercial enzyme-based cleaner.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L22" >Line 22:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Automatic polishing machines are useful if large numbers of electrodes have to be polished on a regular basis, however, manual polishing is more usual in a research or teaching lab.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Automatic polishing machines are useful if large numbers of electrodes have to be polished on a regular basis, however, manual polishing is more usual in a research or teaching lab.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When hand polishing, grip the electrode low down (near its tip) and hold it in a vertical position while making figure-8 motions on the polishing pad which is moistened with deionized water and to which has been added a small amount of polishing powder suspension. After three or four of the figure-8 motions turn the electrode through 90 degrees in your grip and repeat the figure-8 movement. The aim is to ensure even wear on the electrode tip so that a flat surface is maintained.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When hand polishing, grip the electrode low down (near its tip) and hold it in a vertical position while making figure-8 motions on the polishing pad<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>which is moistened with deionized water and to which has been added a small amount of polishing powder suspension. After three or four of the figure-8 motions<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>turn the electrode through 90 degrees in your grip and repeat the figure-8 movement. The aim is to ensure even wear on the electrode tip so that a flat surface is maintained.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If you have previously used glass body electrodes then be aware that PEEK or Teflon body electrodes need significantly less downwards pressure to be applied while polishing. Also note that coarse powders (more than 0.05 micron) will cause extensive abrasion of the electrode surface which then takes a lot more polishing with 0.05 micron alumina powder to obtain a mirror smooth finish.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If you have previously used glass body electrodes then be aware that PEEK or Teflon body electrodes need significantly less downwards pressure to be applied while polishing. Also note that coarse powders (more than 0.05 micron) will cause extensive abrasion of the electrode surface which then takes a lot more polishing with 0.05 micron alumina powder to obtain a mirror smooth finish.</div></td></tr>
</table>PaulDuckworthhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3677&oldid=prevPaulDuckworth: /* General Procedure */2015-06-01T01:33:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">General Procedure</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:33, 1 June 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L20" >Line 20:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 20:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Only if there is an intractable coating electrodeposited on the electrode, or after extended use, will the electrode need any polishing at all. Polishing should only be done if there is visually obvious surface contamination (use a magnifying glass) or where a trial cyclic voltammogram in clean solvent indicates that there has been surface contamination. Standard maintenance polishing should use a 0.05 micron polishing powder, only a badly scratched electrode, or one with an extremely intractable coating would need to use coarser (larger particle size) powders. Some frequent users like to do a maintenance polish every day, however others may go many days without any surface degradation of the electrode.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Only if there is an intractable coating electrodeposited on the electrode, or after extended use, will the electrode need any polishing at all. Polishing should only be done if there is visually obvious surface contamination (use a magnifying glass) or where a trial cyclic voltammogram in clean solvent indicates that there has been surface contamination. Standard maintenance polishing should use a 0.05 micron polishing powder, only a badly scratched electrode, or one with an extremely intractable coating would need to use coarser (larger particle size) powders. Some frequent users like to do a maintenance polish every day, however others may go many days without any surface degradation of the electrode.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Automatic polishing machines are useful if large numbers of electrodes have to be polished on a regular basis<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. However</del>, manual polishing is more usual in a research or teaching lab.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Automatic polishing machines are useful if large numbers of electrodes have to be polished on a regular basis<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, however</ins>, manual polishing is more usual in a research or teaching lab.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When hand polishing, grip the electrode low down (near its tip) and hold it in a vertical position while making figure-8 motions on the polishing pad which is moistened with deionized water and to which has been added a small amount of polishing powder suspension. After three or four of the figure-8 motions turn the electrode through 90 degrees in your grip and repeat the figure-8 movement. The aim is to ensure even wear on the electrode tip so that a flat surface is maintained.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When hand polishing, grip the electrode low down (near its tip) and hold it in a vertical position while making figure-8 motions on the polishing pad which is moistened with deionized water and to which has been added a small amount of polishing powder suspension. After three or four of the figure-8 motions turn the electrode through 90 degrees in your grip and repeat the figure-8 movement. The aim is to ensure even wear on the electrode tip so that a flat surface is maintained.</div></td></tr>
</table>PaulDuckworthhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3676&oldid=prevPaulDuckworth: /* ET069 and ET072 Leakless Reference Electrodes */2015-06-01T01:33:02Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">ET069 and ET072 Leakless Reference Electrodes</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:33, 1 June 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L48" >Line 48:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 48:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET069 ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET072 ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET069 ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET072 ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The tip </del>can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in which case it </ins>can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td></tr>
</table>PaulDuckworthhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3675&oldid=prevPaulDuckworth: /* Glassy Carbon Electrodes */2015-06-01T01:30:47Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Glassy Carbon Electrodes</span></span></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:30, 1 June 2015</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Glassy Carbon Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Glassy Carbon Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy_carbon Glassy carbon] is a unique material often used for electrodes. In most cases the general cleaning procedure, above, will give satisfactory results. However, a variety of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">subsequent </ins>surface pretreatments have been reported to optimise electrode behaviour in specific instances. An IUPAC review article is [http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1984/pdf/5608x1095.pdf available].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET069 ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET072 ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET069 ET069] and [http://www.edaq.com/product_details_page.php?product_no=ET072 ET072] Leakless Reference Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use. The tip can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The tip of these reference electrodes can become fouled with use. The tip can be washed or lightly polished (like a working electrode) to remove intractable adhering material. Do not try to get a mirror finish, the surface will remain dull. In extreme cases you can even use a scalpel, or razor blade, to shave a thin slice from the tip, which exposes fresh polymer junction (no need to polish).</div></td></tr>
</table>PaulDuckworthhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3674&oldid=prevPaulDuckworth: /* SAM on Gold Electrodes */2015-06-01T01:29:13Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">SAM on Gold Electrodes</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:29, 1 June 2015</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Biosensor electrodes that have a self assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold substrate electrode usually employ an anchoring sulfur atom which binds strongly to the gold surface. It is possible to gently remove the SAM by electrochemical desorption, usually by applying a sufficiently large anodic (oxidising) potential for a short period of time. See:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Biosensor electrodes that have a self assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold substrate electrode usually employ an anchoring sulfur atom which binds strongly to the gold surface. It is possible to gently remove the SAM by electrochemical desorption, usually by applying a sufficiently large anodic (oxidising) potential for a short period of time. See:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Formation and removal of alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold in aqueous solutions. Christie A. Canaria, Jonathan So, James R. Maloney, C. J. Yu, Jeffrey O. Smith, Michael L. Roukes, Scott E. Fraser and Rusty Lansford, Lab on Chip, 6, 289–295, 2006. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b510661c doi:10.1039/b510661c]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Formation and removal of alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold in aqueous solutions. Christie A. Canaria, Jonathan So, James R. Maloney, C. J. Yu, Jeffrey O. Smith, Michael L. Roukes, Scott E. Fraser and Rusty Lansford, Lab on Chip, 6, 289–295, 2006. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b510661c doi:10.1039/b510661c]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. You can download this paper [http://authors.library.caltech.edu/4961/1/CANloac06.pdf here].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">You </del>can <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">download this paper [http://authors</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">library.caltech.edu/4961/1/CANloac06.pdf here]</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If the SAM is on a traditional disk electrode then you </ins>can <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also remove the coating by polishing as above</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">You may need to reins the polishing pad an reapply the abrasive powered several time to was away any organosulfur compounds which have a strong affinity for gold surfaces</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Glassy Carbon Electrodes ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Glassy Carbon Electrodes ===</div></td></tr>
</table>PaulDuckworthhttps://www.edaq.com/w/index.php?title=Cleaning_and_Polishing_Voltammetric_Electrodes&diff=3476&oldid=prevOliver at 05:20, 7 November 20142014-11-07T05:20:25Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:20, 7 November 2014</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Safety ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Safety ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polishing powders comprise micron and submicron sized particles which can be dangerous, especially if inhaled. Please follow your local safety <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guidlines </del>and especially work in a well ventilated environment.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Polishing powders comprise micron and submicron sized particles which can be dangerous, especially if inhaled. Please follow your local safety <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">guidelines </ins>and especially work in a well<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</ins>ventilated environment.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Materials ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Materials ===</div></td></tr>
</table>Oliver